cattrs package¶
Subpackages¶
Submodules¶
cattrs.converters module¶
- class cattrs.converters.BaseConverter(dict_factory=<class 'dict'>, unstruct_strat=UnstructureStrategy.AS_DICT, prefer_attrib_converters=False, detailed_validation=True)[source]¶
Bases:
object
Converts between structured and unstructured data.
- Parameters:
dict_factory (Callable[[], Any]) –
unstruct_strat (UnstructureStrategy) –
prefer_attrib_converters (bool) –
detailed_validation (bool) –
- copy(dict_factory=None, unstruct_strat=None, prefer_attrib_converters=None, detailed_validation=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
dict_factory (Callable[[], Any] | None) –
unstruct_strat (UnstructureStrategy | None) –
prefer_attrib_converters (bool | None) –
detailed_validation (bool | None) –
- Return type:
- detailed_validation¶
- register_structure_hook(cl, func)[source]¶
Register a primitive-to-class converter function for a type.
- The converter function should take two arguments:
a Python object to be converted,
the type to convert to
and return the instance of the class. The type may seem redundant, but is sometimes needed (for example, when dealing with generic classes).
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
func (Callable[[Any, Type[T]], T]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_structure_hook_factory(predicate, factory)[source]¶
Register a hook factory for a given predicate.
A predicate is a function that, given a type, returns whether the factory can produce a hook for that type.
A factory is a callable that, given a type, produces a structuring hook for that type. This structuring hook will be cached.
- Parameters:
predicate (Callable[[Any], bool]) –
factory (Callable[[Any], Callable[[Any, Any], Any]]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_structure_hook_func(check_func, func)[source]¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class, using a function to check if it’s a match.
- Parameters:
check_func (Callable[[Type[T]], bool]) –
func (Callable[[Any, Type[T]], T]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_unstructure_hook(cls, func)[source]¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class.
The converter function should take an instance of the class and return its Python equivalent.
- Parameters:
cls (Any) –
func (Callable[[Any], Any]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_unstructure_hook_factory(predicate, factory)[source]¶
Register a hook factory for a given predicate.
A predicate is a function that, given a type, returns whether the factory can produce a hook for that type.
A factory is a callable that, given a type, produces an unstructuring hook for that type. This unstructuring hook will be cached.
- Parameters:
predicate (Callable[[Any], bool]) –
factory (Callable[[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_unstructure_hook_func(check_func, func)[source]¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class, using a function to check if it’s a match.
- Parameters:
check_func (Callable[[Any], bool]) –
func (Callable[[Any], Any]) –
- Return type:
None
- structure(obj, cl)[source]¶
Convert unstructured Python data structures to structured data.
- Parameters:
obj (Any) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- structure_attrs_fromdict(obj, cl)[source]¶
Instantiate an attrs class from a mapping (dict).
- Parameters:
obj (Mapping[str, Any]) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- structure_attrs_fromtuple(obj, cl)[source]¶
Load an attrs class from a sequence (tuple).
- Parameters:
obj (Tuple[Any, ...]) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- property unstruct_strat: UnstructureStrategy¶
The default way of unstructuring
attrs
classes.
- unstructure(obj, unstructure_as=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
obj (Any) –
unstructure_as (Any) –
- Return type:
Any
- class cattrs.converters.Converter(dict_factory=<class 'dict'>, unstruct_strat=UnstructureStrategy.AS_DICT, omit_if_default=False, forbid_extra_keys=False, type_overrides={}, unstruct_collection_overrides={}, prefer_attrib_converters=False, detailed_validation=True)[source]¶
Bases:
BaseConverter
A converter which generates specialized un/structuring functions.
- Parameters:
dict_factory (Callable[[], Any]) –
unstruct_strat (UnstructureStrategy) –
omit_if_default (bool) –
forbid_extra_keys (bool) –
type_overrides (Mapping[Type, AttributeOverride]) –
unstruct_collection_overrides (Mapping[Type, Callable]) –
prefer_attrib_converters (bool) –
detailed_validation (bool) –
- copy(dict_factory=None, unstruct_strat=None, omit_if_default=None, forbid_extra_keys=None, type_overrides=None, unstruct_collection_overrides=None, prefer_attrib_converters=None, detailed_validation=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
dict_factory (Callable[[], Any] | None) –
unstruct_strat (UnstructureStrategy | None) –
omit_if_default (bool | None) –
forbid_extra_keys (bool | None) –
type_overrides (Mapping[Type, AttributeOverride] | None) –
unstruct_collection_overrides (Mapping[Type, Callable] | None) –
prefer_attrib_converters (bool | None) –
detailed_validation (bool | None) –
- Return type:
- forbid_extra_keys¶
- gen_structure_attrs_fromdict(cl)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[str, Any], Any], T]
- gen_structure_counter(cl)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[Any, Any], Any], T]
- gen_structure_mapping(cl)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[Any, Any], Any], T]
- gen_unstructure_attrs_fromdict(cl)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
Callable[[T], Dict[str, Any]]
- gen_unstructure_hetero_tuple(cl, unstructure_to=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Tuple[Any, …]], Any]
- gen_unstructure_iterable(cl, unstructure_to=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Iterable[Any]], Any]
- gen_unstructure_mapping(cl, unstructure_to=None, key_handler=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
key_handler (Callable[[Any, Any | None], Any] | None) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[Any, Any]], Any]
- get_structure_newtype(type)[source]¶
- Parameters:
type (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Any, Any], T]
- omit_if_default¶
- type_overrides¶
- class cattrs.converters.UnstructureStrategy(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]¶
Bases:
Enum
attrs classes unstructuring strategies.
- AS_DICT = 'asdict'¶
- AS_TUPLE = 'astuple'¶
cattrs.disambiguators module¶
Utilities for union (sum type) disambiguation.
cattrs.dispatch module¶
- class cattrs.dispatch.FunctionDispatch(handler_pairs=_Nothing.NOTHING)[source]¶
Bases:
object
FunctionDispatch is similar to functools.singledispatch, but instead dispatches based on functions that take the type of the first argument in the method, and return True or False.
objects that help determine dispatch should be instantiated objects.
- Parameters:
handler_pairs (list) –
- copy_to(other, skip=0)[source]¶
- Parameters:
other (FunctionDispatch) –
skip (int) –
- class cattrs.dispatch.MultiStrategyDispatch(fallback_func)[source]¶
Bases:
object
MultiStrategyDispatch uses a combination of exact-match dispatch, singledispatch, and FunctionDispatch.
- copy_to(other, skip=0)[source]¶
- Parameters:
other (MultiStrategyDispatch) –
skip (int) –
- dispatch¶
cattrs.errors module¶
- exception cattrs.errors.BaseValidationError(message, excs, cl)[source]¶
Bases:
ExceptionGroup
- Parameters:
cl (Type) –
- cl: Type¶
- exception cattrs.errors.ClassValidationError(message, excs, cl)[source]¶
Bases:
BaseValidationError
Raised when validating a class if any attributes are invalid.
- Parameters:
cl (Type) –
- exception cattrs.errors.ForbiddenExtraKeysError(message, cl, extra_fields)[source]¶
Bases:
Exception
Raised when forbid_extra_keys is activated and such extra keys are detected during structuring.
The attribute extra_fields is a sequence of those extra keys, which were the cause of this error, and cl is the class which was structured with those extra keys.
- Parameters:
message (str | None) –
cl (Type) –
extra_fields (Set[str]) –
- Return type:
None
- exception cattrs.errors.IterableValidationError(message, excs, cl)[source]¶
Bases:
BaseValidationError
Raised when structuring an iterable.
- Parameters:
cl (Type) –
cattrs.gen module¶
- class cattrs.gen.AttributeOverride(omit_if_default=None, rename=None, omit=False)[source]¶
Bases:
object
- Parameters:
omit_if_default (bool | None) –
rename (str | None) –
omit (bool) –
- omit: bool¶
- omit_if_default: bool | None¶
- rename: str | None¶
- cattrs.gen.make_dict_structure_fn(cl, converter, _cattrs_forbid_extra_keys=False, _cattrs_use_linecache=True, _cattrs_prefer_attrib_converters=False, _cattrs_detailed_validation=True, **kwargs)[source]¶
Generate a specialized dict structuring function for an attrs class.
- Parameters:
cl (Type[T]) –
converter (BaseConverter) –
_cattrs_forbid_extra_keys (bool) –
_cattrs_use_linecache (bool) –
_cattrs_prefer_attrib_converters (bool) –
_cattrs_detailed_validation (bool) –
kwargs (AttributeOverride) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[str, Any], Any], T]
- cattrs.gen.make_dict_unstructure_fn(cl, converter, _cattrs_omit_if_default=False, _cattrs_use_linecache=True, **kwargs)[source]¶
Generate a specialized dict unstructuring function for an attrs class or a dataclass.
- Parameters:
cl (Type[T]) –
converter (BaseConverter) –
_cattrs_omit_if_default (bool) –
_cattrs_use_linecache (bool) –
kwargs (AttributeOverride) –
- Return type:
Callable[[T], Dict[str, Any]]
- cattrs.gen.make_hetero_tuple_unstructure_fn(cl, converter, unstructure_to=None)[source]¶
Generate a specialized unstructure function for a heterogenous tuple.
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
converter (BaseConverter) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Tuple[Any, …]], Any]
- cattrs.gen.make_iterable_unstructure_fn(cl, converter, unstructure_to=None)[source]¶
Generate a specialized unstructure function for an iterable.
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
converter (BaseConverter) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Iterable[Any]], Any]
- cattrs.gen.make_mapping_structure_fn(cl, converter, structure_to=<class 'dict'>, key_type=_Nothing.NOTHING, val_type=_Nothing.NOTHING, detailed_validation=True)[source]¶
Generate a specialized unstructure function for a mapping.
- Parameters:
cl (Type[T]) –
converter (BaseConverter) –
structure_to (Type) –
detailed_validation (bool) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[Any, Any], Any], T]
- cattrs.gen.make_mapping_unstructure_fn(cl, converter, unstructure_to=None, key_handler=None)[source]¶
Generate a specialized unstructure function for a mapping.
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
converter (BaseConverter) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
key_handler (Callable[[Any, Any | None], Any] | None) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[Any, Any]], Any]
Module contents¶
- class cattrs.BaseConverter(dict_factory=<class 'dict'>, unstruct_strat=UnstructureStrategy.AS_DICT, prefer_attrib_converters=False, detailed_validation=True)[source]¶
Bases:
object
Converts between structured and unstructured data.
- Parameters:
dict_factory (Callable[[], Any]) –
unstruct_strat (UnstructureStrategy) –
prefer_attrib_converters (bool) –
detailed_validation (bool) –
- copy(dict_factory=None, unstruct_strat=None, prefer_attrib_converters=None, detailed_validation=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
dict_factory (Callable[[], Any] | None) –
unstruct_strat (UnstructureStrategy | None) –
prefer_attrib_converters (bool | None) –
detailed_validation (bool | None) –
- Return type:
- detailed_validation¶
- register_structure_hook(cl, func)[source]¶
Register a primitive-to-class converter function for a type.
- The converter function should take two arguments:
a Python object to be converted,
the type to convert to
and return the instance of the class. The type may seem redundant, but is sometimes needed (for example, when dealing with generic classes).
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
func (Callable[[Any, Type[T]], T]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_structure_hook_factory(predicate, factory)[source]¶
Register a hook factory for a given predicate.
A predicate is a function that, given a type, returns whether the factory can produce a hook for that type.
A factory is a callable that, given a type, produces a structuring hook for that type. This structuring hook will be cached.
- Parameters:
predicate (Callable[[Any], bool]) –
factory (Callable[[Any], Callable[[Any, Any], Any]]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_structure_hook_func(check_func, func)[source]¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class, using a function to check if it’s a match.
- Parameters:
check_func (Callable[[Type[T]], bool]) –
func (Callable[[Any, Type[T]], T]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_unstructure_hook(cls, func)[source]¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class.
The converter function should take an instance of the class and return its Python equivalent.
- Parameters:
cls (Any) –
func (Callable[[Any], Any]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_unstructure_hook_factory(predicate, factory)[source]¶
Register a hook factory for a given predicate.
A predicate is a function that, given a type, returns whether the factory can produce a hook for that type.
A factory is a callable that, given a type, produces an unstructuring hook for that type. This unstructuring hook will be cached.
- Parameters:
predicate (Callable[[Any], bool]) –
factory (Callable[[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]]) –
- Return type:
None
- register_unstructure_hook_func(check_func, func)[source]¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class, using a function to check if it’s a match.
- Parameters:
check_func (Callable[[Any], bool]) –
func (Callable[[Any], Any]) –
- Return type:
None
- structure(obj, cl)[source]¶
Convert unstructured Python data structures to structured data.
- Parameters:
obj (Any) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- structure_attrs_fromdict(obj, cl)[source]¶
Instantiate an attrs class from a mapping (dict).
- Parameters:
obj (Mapping[str, Any]) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- structure_attrs_fromtuple(obj, cl)[source]¶
Load an attrs class from a sequence (tuple).
- Parameters:
obj (Tuple[Any, ...]) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- property unstruct_strat: UnstructureStrategy¶
The default way of unstructuring
attrs
classes.
- unstructure(obj, unstructure_as=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
obj (Any) –
unstructure_as (Any) –
- Return type:
Any
- exception cattrs.BaseValidationError(message, excs, cl)[source]¶
Bases:
ExceptionGroup
- Parameters:
cl (Type) –
- cl: Type¶
- exception cattrs.ClassValidationError(message, excs, cl)[source]¶
Bases:
BaseValidationError
Raised when validating a class if any attributes are invalid.
- Parameters:
cl (Type) –
- class cattrs.Converter(dict_factory=<class 'dict'>, unstruct_strat=UnstructureStrategy.AS_DICT, omit_if_default=False, forbid_extra_keys=False, type_overrides={}, unstruct_collection_overrides={}, prefer_attrib_converters=False, detailed_validation=True)[source]¶
Bases:
BaseConverter
A converter which generates specialized un/structuring functions.
- Parameters:
dict_factory (Callable[[], Any]) –
unstruct_strat (UnstructureStrategy) –
omit_if_default (bool) –
forbid_extra_keys (bool) –
type_overrides (Mapping[Type, AttributeOverride]) –
unstruct_collection_overrides (Mapping[Type, Callable]) –
prefer_attrib_converters (bool) –
detailed_validation (bool) –
- copy(dict_factory=None, unstruct_strat=None, omit_if_default=None, forbid_extra_keys=None, type_overrides=None, unstruct_collection_overrides=None, prefer_attrib_converters=None, detailed_validation=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
dict_factory (Callable[[], Any] | None) –
unstruct_strat (UnstructureStrategy | None) –
omit_if_default (bool | None) –
forbid_extra_keys (bool | None) –
type_overrides (Mapping[Type, AttributeOverride] | None) –
unstruct_collection_overrides (Mapping[Type, Callable] | None) –
prefer_attrib_converters (bool | None) –
detailed_validation (bool | None) –
- Return type:
- forbid_extra_keys¶
- gen_structure_attrs_fromdict(cl)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[str, Any], Any], T]
- gen_structure_counter(cl)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[Any, Any], Any], T]
- gen_structure_mapping(cl)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[Any, Any], Any], T]
- gen_unstructure_attrs_fromdict(cl)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
Callable[[T], Dict[str, Any]]
- gen_unstructure_hetero_tuple(cl, unstructure_to=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Tuple[Any, …]], Any]
- gen_unstructure_iterable(cl, unstructure_to=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Iterable[Any]], Any]
- gen_unstructure_mapping(cl, unstructure_to=None, key_handler=None)[source]¶
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
unstructure_to (Any) –
key_handler (Callable[[Any, Any | None], Any] | None) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Mapping[Any, Any]], Any]
- get_structure_newtype(type)[source]¶
- Parameters:
type (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
Callable[[Any, Any], T]
- omit_if_default¶
- type_overrides¶
- exception cattrs.ForbiddenExtraKeysError(message, cl, extra_fields)[source]¶
Bases:
Exception
Raised when forbid_extra_keys is activated and such extra keys are detected during structuring.
The attribute extra_fields is a sequence of those extra keys, which were the cause of this error, and cl is the class which was structured with those extra keys.
- Parameters:
message (str | None) –
cl (Type) –
extra_fields (Set[str]) –
- Return type:
None
- exception cattrs.IterableValidationError(message, excs, cl)[source]¶
Bases:
BaseValidationError
Raised when structuring an iterable.
- Parameters:
cl (Type) –
- exception cattrs.StructureHandlerNotFoundError(message, type_)[source]¶
Bases:
Exception
Error raised when structuring cannot find a handler for converting inputs into
type_
.- Parameters:
message (str) –
type_ (Type) –
- Return type:
None
- class cattrs.UnstructureStrategy(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)[source]¶
Bases:
Enum
attrs classes unstructuring strategies.
- AS_DICT = 'asdict'¶
- AS_TUPLE = 'astuple'¶
- cattrs.override(omit_if_default=None, rename=None, omit=False)[source]¶
- Parameters:
omit_if_default (bool | None) –
rename (str | None) –
omit (bool) –
- cattrs.register_structure_hook(cl, func)¶
Register a primitive-to-class converter function for a type.
- The converter function should take two arguments:
a Python object to be converted,
the type to convert to
and return the instance of the class. The type may seem redundant, but is sometimes needed (for example, when dealing with generic classes).
- Parameters:
cl (Any) –
func (Callable[[Any, Type[T]], T]) –
- Return type:
None
- cattrs.register_structure_hook_func(check_func, func)¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class, using a function to check if it’s a match.
- Parameters:
check_func (Callable[[Type[T]], bool]) –
func (Callable[[Any, Type[T]], T]) –
- Return type:
None
- cattrs.register_unstructure_hook(cls, func)¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class.
The converter function should take an instance of the class and return its Python equivalent.
- Parameters:
cls (Any) –
func (Callable[[Any], Any]) –
- Return type:
None
- cattrs.register_unstructure_hook_func(check_func, func)¶
Register a class-to-primitive converter function for a class, using a function to check if it’s a match.
- Parameters:
check_func (Callable[[Any], bool]) –
func (Callable[[Any], Any]) –
- Return type:
None
- cattrs.structure(obj, cl)¶
Convert unstructured Python data structures to structured data.
- Parameters:
obj (Any) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- cattrs.structure_attrs_fromdict(obj, cl)¶
Instantiate an attrs class from a mapping (dict).
- Parameters:
obj (Mapping[str, Any]) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- cattrs.structure_attrs_fromtuple(obj, cl)¶
Load an attrs class from a sequence (tuple).
- Parameters:
obj (Tuple[Any, ...]) –
cl (Type[T]) –
- Return type:
T
- cattrs.unstructure(obj, unstructure_as=None)¶
- Parameters:
obj (Any) –
unstructure_as (Any) –
- Return type:
Any